Evaluation of Micronutrients, Bioavailability Micronutrients and Antinutrients in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) Seeds

Baiyeri, Samuel O.*1, Samuel-Baiyeri, Chimaluka C.A.2, Jandong, E.A. 3 and Otitoju, Grace T.O. 4

Authors

Baiyeri, Samuel O.*1, Samuel-Baiyeri, Chimaluka C.A.2, Jandong, E.A. 3 and Otitoju, Grace T.O. 4 1Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria 3Department of Agronomy, Taraba State University, P.M.B. 1167, Jalingo, Nigeria. 4Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria. Author

Abstract

This study investigated the micronutrients, bioavailability of micronutrients, correlations among micronutrients and antinutrients in the seeds of African yam bean (AYB), accessions. The biochemical analysis of the seeds of Tropical Sphenostylis stenocarpa (TSs) AYB accessions; TSs 9, TSs 60, TSs 93, TSs 111, and TSs 116 were carried out. The results revealed significant (p<0.05) variations in the micronutrient contents of the AYB seeds. Potassium (K) was in the range of 241.0-271.0 mg/100 g, Manganese (Mn) 2.83-6.11, Phosphorus (P) 323.65-385.20 mg/100 g, Magnesium (Mg) 72.20-101.36 mg/100 g, Iron (Fe) 9.22-21.35 mg/100 g, Calcium (Ca) 286.50-414.0 mg/100 g, Zinc (Zn) 12.70-23.61 mg/100 g, Copper (Cu) 6.34-8.64 mg/100 g, Chromium (Cr) 0.041-0.081 and Sodium (Na) 35.85-

51.95 mg/100 g. The molar ratio of phytate: Zinc was from 1.24-2.09, Ca/P 0.84-

1.21 and Na/K ranged from 0.15-0.19. Potassium was positively and significantly (p<0.001) correlated with Cr (r = 0.91***), Mg (r = 0.94***) and Mn (0.81***). Manganese was positively and significantly associated with Fe (r = 0.90***) and Ca (r = 0.94***), Magnesium showed positively significant relationship with Cr (r = 0.75*), Fe showed significantly positive relationship with Cr (r = 0.80**). Calcium was positively and significantly associated with Cr (r = 0.92***). The TSs 111 had the highest concentrations of Mn, P and Cu. TSs 9 ranked the highest for Mg, K, Mg, Zn, and Na. TSs 93 was the most prominent accession for Fe and Ca concentrations. AYB seeds are micronutrient-dense and excellent sources of bioavailable minerals. The consumption of diets made from AYB seeds is recommended for enhanced nutrition and health of households.